Hindutva vs Secularism

This book, titled "Secularism vs Hindutva: A Disparity between Theory and Practice in Indian Foreign Policy," delves into the intricate interplay between these ideologies within the context of India's external relations. It seeks to unravel the tensions, contradictions, and paradoxes that arise when the principles of secularism, enshrined in India's Constitution, intersect with the rising influence of Hindutva ideology in shaping the country's foreign policy decisions.

As the editor of this compilation, my intent is not to present a one-sided narrative or to pass judgment on the choices made by policymakers. Rather, it is to foster a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted dynamics at play and to encourage thoughtful discourse on the challenges and opportunities that arise when religious and nationalist fervor intersect with the pursuit of international interests.

In the chapters that follow, renowned scholars, experts, and analysts with diverse perspectives will scrutinize the evolution of India's foreign policy from both historical and contemporary vantage points. They will dissect key milestones, decisions, and diplomatic maneuvers that reflect the complex intermingling of secular ideals and Hindutva aspirations. By doing so, we hope to shed light on whether there exists a disparity between the theoretical foundations of India's secular ethos and the practical manifestations of its foreign policy actions.

It is important to acknowledge that this book does not aim to provide definitive answers, for the issues it explores are often imbued with nuance and subjectivity. Instead, our goal is to contribute to a more informed and enlightened discourse on a subject of critical importance, not only for India but for the broader global community. In an era characterized by both profound connectivity and ideological divergence, understanding the ways in which a nation reconciles its internal complexities with its external engagements can provide valuable insights into the ever-evolving landscape of international relations.

The first chapter titled “Strategic Thinking and Rising Populism in Indian Society – Tracing the Roots of Hindutva Ideology” delves into the historical and socio-political context that contributed to the emergence and rise of Hindutva ideology. We explore the roots of this ideology, tracing its evolution from historical movements and social trends. Through an analysis of the socio-

economic factors, political shifts, and cultural dynamics, we provide readers with an understanding of how Hindutva gained traction over the years. This chapter seeks to bridge the gap between historical developments and the current ideological landscape, offering insights into the driving forces behind the popularity of Hindutva in contemporary Indian society.

The second chapter titled “Narendra Modi’s Government Policies against Muslims from 2014 to 2019” explores that this period marked a significant juncture in India's political landscape, with Narendra Modi assuming office as the 14th Prime Minister of the country. His tenure was characterized by a series of policy decisions and political maneuvers that raised questions about the relationship between secularism and Hindutva ideology in the context of Indian foreign policy. This chapter delves into the ways in which the Modi government's actions during these years appeared to support Hindutva principles at the expense of secularism, thus influencing India's foreign policy trajectory. Here, we analyze the policies implemented during Modi's first term in office that align with Hindutva ideology, and how these policies interact with the nation's secular framework. We shed light on the implications of these policy shifts for India's commitment to pluralism and inclusivity.

The third chapter delves into the key policies implemented by the Modi government from 2019 onwards and examines their impact on Muslim communities in India. It is essential to approach this topic with a balanced perspective, considering both the intended goals of the policies and the concerns raised by various stakeholders. Since assuming office in 2014, Narendra Modi's tenure as the Prime Minister of India has been marked by various policy initiatives that have had significant implications for the country's diverse population.

The fourth chapter, “Impacts of Hindutva Policies on Indo-Pak Relations," meticulously scrutinizes the influence of Hindutva discourse propagated by the Modi government on the delicate relations between India and Pakistan. In a region marred by historical conflicts and simmering tensions, the ideological underpinnings of political rhetoric can have profound consequences on the diplomatic course of events. As this chapter navigates the historical trajectory of Hindutva, it unravels the ideological contours that have shaped India's foreign policy decisions, highlighting the evolving interplay between cultural identity and national aspirations on the global stage.

As we draw the curtain on this exploration of the intricate interplay between secularism and Hindutva in Indian foreign policy, we find ourselves standing at the crossroads of ideology, diplomacy, and identity. The journey through the chapters of this book has been both enlightening and thought-provoking, offering a multifaceted view of a complex issue that lies at the heart of India's domestic and international dynamics. The narratives presented herein illuminate the challenges, contradictions, and opportunities that arise when the theoretical foundations of secularism encounter the practical realities of foreign policy decisions influenced by Hindutva ideology.

As we conclude this discourse, it is imperative to recognize that the subject at hand is not one to be resolved definitively within these pages. Rather, it is a conversation that will continue to evolve as India traverses its path on the global stage. The dynamic interplay of secularism and Hindutva in Indian foreign policy encapsulates the nation's aspirations, dilemmas, and aspirations. It underscores the profound challenge of preserving a pluralistic ethos while honoring a resurgent cultural identity.

In embracing this complexity, we endeavor to shed light on the nuanced landscape that policymakers, scholars, and citizens alike must navigate. We invite readers to continue this journey beyond these words, to engage in the ongoing discourse that shapes India's foreign policy and, by extension, its role in the community of nations. For, in the end, it is this very discourse that nurtures the evolution of a nation's identity, its values, and its place in a rapidly changing world.

Areeja Syed

University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK.

My sincerest thanks to all the esteemed writers who came together to author a book that addresses a pressing dispute of today’s time. The work brings to light the threats posed by Hindutva in India, a proud secular and progressive nation. The book claims international fame by exploring the global impact of Hindutva on the political scenario. The gradual but steady rise of Hindutva in a country famous for its diversity and secularism, poses an imminent danger. The collaborative effort of the authors to fathom this intricate issue is highly admirable, and their valuable insights contribute immensely to our perceptions of the socio-political dynamics at work. The book serves as a beneficial resource for those who endeavour for an in-depth understanding of the challenges encountered by India as she navigates through the difficulties of preserving its secular identity. I am particularly obliged to each author for dedicating time, knowledge, and verve to tackle this formidable issue. Their commitment to illuminate the effects of Hindutva not only on the Indian populace but also on global politics manifest their fervor for knowledge and consciousness. I would also like to offer my earnest regards to Humanity Publications for cultivating a culture of research in the domain of social sciences. The publication is colossally dedicated to uphold the research excellence which guarantees that the findings offered in the book are contemplative and relevant beyond the present research context. Humanity Publications plays a pivotal role in putting forward the valuable insights with ramifications that transcends the confines of academic discourse by contextualizing the research within the wider body of knowledge. The publication house has cultivated creative environment of research that is highly instrumental in addressing imperative social issues, akin to the one explored in this significant book. Once again, my heartfelt gratitude to all the authors and Humanity Publications for their precious contributions to deepen our understanding of the challenges posed by Hindutva in India and its global implications.

Areeja Syed

Research Scholar,

School of Politics and International Studies,

University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK

Contents of this book reflect the author's personal views and are not representative/reflective of any organization. Information given in this book has been obtained by the publisher from sources believed to be reliable. However, because of the possibility of human or mechanical errors on the part of the sources, publisher, or others, the publisher does not guarantee accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information included in this work and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained from the use of such information.